The Northern Rivers Project
  • Home
    • About the Northern Rivers Project website, and, how to use it.
  • Life
    • Easy navigator to the LIFE pages. >
      • Arachnids, Spiders, Harvestmen, Scorpions, Ticks and Mites of the Northern Rivers, Index
      • Birds, Index
      • Butterflies of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Mammals of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Reptiles of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
    • Animals - Kingdom: Animalia >
      • Thorny-headed Worms - Phylum: Acanthocephala
      • Segmented Worms - Phylum: Annelida
      • Arthropods - Phylum: Arthropoda
      • Brachiopods - Phylum Brachiopoda
      • Bryozoans - Phylum: Bryozoa
      • Arrow Worms - Phylum: Chaetognatha
      • Chordates - Phylum: Chordata >
        • Vertebrates - Subphylum: Vertebrata >
          • Amphibians - Class: Amphibia >
            • Frogs and Toads - Order: Anura >
              • True Toads - Family: Bufonidae
              • Australasian Tree Frogs - Family: Pelodryadidae
              • Australian Ground Frogs - Family: Myobatrachidae
              • Foam-nesting Ground Frogs - Family: Limnodynastidae
              • Frogs, Index
          • Birds - Class: Aves >
            • Hawks, Eagles, Kites and Allies - Order: Accipitriformes >
              • Hawks, Eagles and Kites - Family: Accipitridae
              • Ospreys - Family: Pandionidae
            • Waterfowl - Order: Anseriformes >
              • Ducks, Geese and Swans - Family: Anatidae
              • Magpie Goose - Family: Anseranatidae
            • Nightjars, Swifts and Allies - Order: Caprimulgiformes >
              • Nightjars - Family: Caprimulgidae
              • Frogmouths - Family: Podargidae
            • Cassowaries and Emus - Order: Casuariiformes >
              • Emus - Family: Casuariidae
            • Shorebirds and Allies - Order: Charadriiformes >
              • Stone-Curlews - Family: Burhinidae
              • Plovers and Lapwings - Family: Charadriidae
              • Oystercatchers - Family: Haematopodidae
              • Gulls and Terns - Family: Laridae
              • Stilts and Avocets - Family: Recurvirostridae
              • Sandpipers and Allies - Family: Scolopacidae
              • Skuas - Family: Stercorariidae
              • Buttonquails - Family: Turnicidae
            • Storks - Order: Ciconiiformes >
              • Storks - Family: Ciconiidae
            • Pigeons and Doves - Order: Columbiformes >
              • Pigeons and Doves - Family: Columbidae
            • Kingfishers and Allies - Order: Coraciiformes >
              • Kingfishers - Family: Alcedinidae
              • Bee-eaters - Family: Meropidae
            • Cuckoos - Order: Cuculiformes >
              • Cuckoos - Family: Cuculidae
            • Falcons and Allies - Order: Falconiformes >
              • Falcons and Allies - Family: Falconidae
            • Landfowl - Order: Galliformes >
              • Moundbuilders - Family: Megapodidae
              • Guineafowl - Family: Numididae
              • Pheasants, Quails and Allies - Family: Phasianidae
            • Cranes, Rails and Allies - Order: Gruiformes >
              • Cranes - Family: Gruidae
              • Rails, Gallinules and Coots - Family: Rallidae
            • Bustards - Order: Otidiformes >
              • Bustards - Family: Otididae
            • Perching Birds - Order: Passeriformes >
              • Thornbills and Allies - Family: Acanthizidae
              • Woodswallows, Butcherbirds and Allies - Family: Artamidae
              • Cuckoo-Shrikes - Family: Campephagidae
              • Australasian Treecreepers - Family: Climacteridae
              • Australian Mudnesters - Family: Corcoracidae
              • Crows, Ravens and Allies - Family: Corvidae
              • Flowerpeckers - Family: Dicaeidae
              • Drongos - Family: Dicruridae
              • Finches, Mannikins and Allies - Family: Estrildidae
              • Shrike-Tits - Family: Falcunculidae
              • Swallows and Martins - Family: Hirundinidae
              • Grassbirds and Allies - Family: Locustellidae
              • Fairywrens and Allies - Family: Maluridae
              • Honeyeaters - Family: Meliphagidae
              • Lyrebirds - Family: Menuridae
              • Monarch Flycatchers - Family: Monarchidae
              • Wagtails and Pipits - Family: Motacillidae
              • Sittellas - Family: Neosittidae
              • Figbirds and Orioles - Family: Oriolidae
              • Whistlers and Allies - Family: Pachycephalidae
              • Pardalotes - Family: Pardalotidae
              • Old World Sparrows - Family: Passeridae
              • Australasian Robins - Family: Petroicidae
              • Whipbirds - Family: Psophodidae
              • Bowerbirds - Family: Ptilonorhynchidae
              • Fantails - Family: Rhipiduridae
              • Starlings - Family: Sturnidae
            • Pelicans, Herons, Ibises and Allies - Order: Pelecaniformes >
              • Herons, Egrets and Bitterns - Family: Ardeidae
              • Pelicans - Family: Pelecanidae
              • Ibises and Spoonbills - Family: Threskiornithidae
            • Grebes - Order: Podicipediformes >
              • Grebes - Family: Podicipedidae
            • Tubenoses - Order: Procellariiformes >
              • Southern Storm Petrels - Family: Oceanitidae
              • Petrels and Shearwaters - Family: Procellariidae
            • Parrots and Cockatoos - Order: Psittaciformes >
              • Cockatoos - Family: Cacatuidae
              • Old World Parrots - Family: Psittaculidae
            • Penguins - Order: Sphenisciformes >
              • Penguins - Family: Spheniscidae
            • Owls - Order: Strigiformes >
              • Barn Owls - Family: Tytonidae
            • Gannets, Cormorants and Allies - Order: Suliformes >
              • Darters - Family: Anhingidae
              • Cormorants and Shags - Family: Phalacrocoracidae
              • Boobies and Gannets - Family: Sulidae
          • Mammals - Class: Mammalia >
            • Prototherians - Subclass: Prototheria >
              • Platypus - Family: Ornithorhynchidae
            • Therians - Subclass: Theria >
              • Marsupials - Infraclass: Marsupialia >
                • Kangaroos, Possums, Wombats and Allies - Order: Diprotodontia >
                  • Kangaroos, Wallabies and Allies - Family: Macropodidae
                  • Cuscuses and Brushtail Possums - Family: Phalangeridae
                  • Koalas - Family: Phascolarctidae
                  • Potoroos and Bettongs - Family: Potoroidae
              • Placental Mammals - Infraclass: Placentalia >
                • Primates, Rodents and Allies - Superorder: Euarchontoglires >
                  • Lagomorphs - Order: Lagomorpha >
                    • Hares and Rabbits - Family: Leporidae
                  • Rodents - Order: Rodentia >
                    • Mice, Rats and Hamsters - Suborder: Myomorpha >
                      • Old World Mice and Rats - Family: Muridae
                • Ungulates, Carnivorans and Allies - Superorder: Laurasiatheria >
                  • Even-toed Ungulates and Cetaceans - Order: Artiodactyla >
                    • Ruminants - Suborder: Ruminantia >
                      • Bovids - Family: Bovidae
                    • Swines and Allies - Suborder: Suina >
                      • Swines - Family: Suidae
                    • Cetaceans and Allies - Suborder: Whippomorpha >
                      • Baleen Whales - Parvorder: Mysticeti >
                        • Humpback Whales and Rorquals - Family: Balaenopteridae
                  • Carnivorans - Order: Carnivora >
                    • Canids - Family: Canidae
                    • Felids - Family: Felidae
                  • Bats - Order: Chiroptera >
                    • Yinpterochiroptera (Suborder) >
                      • Old World Fruit Bats - Superfamily: Pteropodoidea >
                        • Flying Foxes and Allies - Family: Pteropodidae
          • Reptiles - Class: Reptilia >
            • Lizards and Snakes - Order: Squamata >
              • Lizards - Suborder: Sauria >
                • Dragons - Family: Agamidae
                • Skinks - Family: Scincidae
                • Monitors - Family: Varanidae
                • Geckos - Infraorder: Gekkota >
                  • Australian Leaf-tailed Geckos and Allies - Family: Carphodactylidae
                  • Australasian Geckos - Family: Diplodactylidae
                  • Typical Geckos - Family: Gekkonidae
                  • Legless Geckos - Family: Pygopodidae
              • Snakes - Suborder: Serpentes >
                • Colubrid Snakes - Family: Colubridae
                • Venomous Land- and Sea Snakes - Family: Elapidae
                • Pythons - Family: Pythonidae
                • Typical Blind Snakes - Family: Typhlopidae
            • Turtles - Order: Testudines >
              • Side-necked Freshwater Turtles - Family: Chelidae
              • Sea Turtles - Superfamily: Chelonioidea >
                • Typical Sea Turtles - Family: Cheloniidae
      • Cnidarians - Phylum: Cnidaria >
        • Hydrozoans - Class: Hydrozoa >
          • Hydroids - Subclass: Hydrodolina >
            • Thecate Hydroids - Order: Leptothecata
            • Siphonophores - Order: Siphonophora >
              • Man o' Wars and Allies - Suborder: Cystonectae >
                • Man o' Wars - Family: Physaliidae
      • Comb Jellies - Phylum: Ctenophora
      • Cycliophorans - Phylum: Cycliophora
      • Dicyemids - Phylum: Dicyemida
      • Echinoderms - Phylum: Echinodermata
      • Entoprocts - Phylum: Entoprocta
      • Gastrotrichs - Phylum: Gastrotricha
      • Gnathiferans - Phylum: Gnathifera
      • Jaw Worms - Phylum: Gnathostomulida
      • Hemichordates - Phylum: Hemichordata
      • Mud Dragons - Phylum: Kinorhyncha
      • Loriciferans - Phylum: Loricifera
      • Molluscs- Phylum: Mollusca
      • Nematodes - Phylum: Nematoda
      • Horsehair Worms - Phylum: Nematomorpha
      • Ribbon Worms - Phylum: Nemertea
      • Velvet Worms - Phylum: Onychophora >
        • Modern Velvet Worms - Order: Euonychophora >
          • Southern Velvet Worms - Family: Peripatopsidae
      • Orthonectids - Phylum: Orthonectida
      • Horseshoe Worms - Phylum: Phoronida
      • Placozoans - Phylum: Placozoa
      • Flatworms - Phylum: Platyhelminthes >
        • Rhabditophora (Subphylum) >
          • Planarians - Order: Tricladida >
            • Continenticola (Suborder) >
              • Geoplanoidea (Superfamily) >
                • Land Planarians - Family: Geoplanidae
      • Sponges - Phylum: Porifera
      • Priapulid Worms - Phylum: Priapulida
      • Rotifers - Phylum: Rotifera
      • Tardigrades - Phylum: Tardigrada
      • Xenoturbellids - Phylum: Xenacoelomorpha
    • Kelp, Diatoms and Allies - Kingdom: Chromista
    • Fungi and Lichens - Kingdom: Fungi >
      • Basidiomycetes - Phylum: Basidiomycota
      • Zygote Fungi - Phylum: Zygomycota
      • All other Fungi
      • Unidentified Fungi
    • Plants - Kingdom: Plantae >
      • Hornworts - Phylum: Anthocerotophyta
      • Mosses - Phylum: Bryophyta >
        • True Mosses - Class: Bryopsida >
          • Bryales (Order)
          • Rhizogoniales (Order)
      • Charophyte Algae - Phylum: Charophyta
      • Green Algae - Phylum: Chlorophyta
      • Glaucophyte Algae - Phylum: Glaucophyta
      • Liverworts - Phylum: Marchantiophyta
      • Red Algae - Phylum: Rhodophyta
      • Vascular Plants - Phylum: Tracheophyta >
        • Cycads and Zamias - Class: Cycadopsida >
          • Zamias - Family: Zamiaceae
        • Lycophytes - Class: Lycopodiopsida >
          • Clubmosses - Order: Lycopodiales >
            • Clubmosses - Family: Lycopodiaceae
        • Conifers - Class: Pinopsida >
          • Auracarians - Family: Auracariaceae
          • Cypresses and Allies - Family: Cupressaceae
          • Pines and Allies - Family: Pinaceae
          • Yellowwoods and Allies - Family: Podocarpaceae
        • Ferns - Class: Polypodiopsida >
          • Leptosporangiate Ferns - Subclass: Polypodiidae >
            • Tree Ferns - Order: Cyatheales >
              • Scaly Tree Ferns - Family: Cyatheaceae
              • Hairy Tree Ferns - Family: Dicksoniaceae
            • Forked Ferns - Order: Gleicheniales >
              • Forked Ferns - Family: Gleicheniaceae
            • Filmy Ferns - Order: Hymenophyllales >
              • Filmy Ferns - Family: Hymenophyllaceae
            • Polypod Ferns - Order: Polypodiales >
              • Eupolypods ll - Suborder: Aspleniineae >
                • Spleenworts - Family: Aspleniaceae
                • Chain Ferns - Family: Blechnaceae
              • Brackens - Suborder: Dennstaedtiineae >
                • Brackens - Family: Dennstaedtiaceae
              • Eupolypods l - Suborder: Polypodiineae >
                • Sword Ferns - Family: Nephrolepidaceae
                • Polypod Ferns - Family: Polypodiaceae
                • Tectarias - Family: Tectariaceae
              • Brakes - Suborder: Pteridineae >
                • Brakes - Family: Pteridaceae
            • Aquatic Ferns - Order: Salviniales >
              • Water Ferns - Family: Salviniaceae
        • Monocotyledons - Class: Liliopsida >
          • Water Plantains and Allies - Order: Alismatales >
            • Water Plantains - Family: Alismataceae
            • Aroids - Family: Araceae
          • Palms - Order: Arecales >
            • Palms - Family: Arecaceae
          • Agaves, Orchids, Irises and Allies - Order: Asparagales >
            • Amaryllis, Onions and Allies - Family: Amaryllidaceae
            • Agaves, Asparagus and Allies - Family: Asparagaceae
            • Asphodels - Family: Asphodelaceae
            • Irises, Blue Flags and Allies - Family: Iridaceae
            • Orchids - Family: Orchidaceae >
              • Orchids (Part 1.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 2.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 3.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 4.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 5.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 6.) - Family: Orchidaceae
          • Spiderworts and Allies - Order: Commelinales >
            • Spiderworts - Family: Commelinaceae
            • Stream Lilies and Frog-mouths - Family: Phylidraceae
          • Yams, Colicroots and Allies - Order: Dioscoreales >
            • True Yams - Family: Dioscoreaceae
          • Lilies, Supplejacks and Allies - Order: Liliales >
            • Bellworts, Naked Ladies and Allies - Family: Colchicaceae
            • Greenbriers - Family: Smilacaceae
          • Screwpines and Allies - Order: Pandanales >
            • Screwpines - Family: Pandanaceae
          • Grasses and Sedges - Order: Poales >
            • Bromeliads - Family: Bromeliaceae
            • Sedges - Family: Cyperaceae
            • Grasses - Family: Poaceae
            • Restiads - Family: Restionaceae
            • Bulrushes, Cattails and Allies - Family: Typhaceae
          • Canna Lilies and Gingers - Order: Zingiberales >
            • Arrowroots - Family: Marantaceae
            • Gingers - Family: Zingiberaceae
        • Dicotyledons - Class: Magnoliopsida >
          • Carrots, Ivies and Allies - Order: Apiales >
            • Umbellifers - Family: Apiaceae
            • Ivies and Allies - Family: Araliaceae
            • Cheesewoods and Allies - Family: Pittosporaceae
          • Hollies and Allies - Order: Aquifoliales >
            • Cardiopteris - Family: Cardiopteridaceae
          • Sunflowers, Bellflowers, Fanflowers and Allies - Order: Asterales >
            • Korokios and Allies - Family: Argyophyllaceae
            • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies - Family: Asteraceae >
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 1.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 2.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 3.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 4.) - Family: Asteraceae
            • Bellflowers, Lobelias and Allies - Family: Campanulaceae
            • Fanflowers, Goodenias and Allies - Family: Goodeniaceae
            • Bogbeans and Allies - Family: Menyanthaceae
          • Borage and Allies - Order: Boraginales >
            • Borage - Family: Boraginaceae
          • Mustards, Capers and Allies - Ordser: Brassicales >
            • Mustards and Allies - Family: Brassicaceae
            • Capers and Allies - Family: Capparaceae
            • Papayas - Family: Caricaceae
          • Canellas, Winter's Bark and Allies - Order: Canellales
          • Pinks, Cactuses and Allies - Order: Caryophyllales >
            • Stone Plants - Family: Aizoaceae
            • Amaranths and Allies - Family: Amaranthaceae
            • Basellas - Family: Basellaceae
            • Cactuses - Family: Cactaceae
            • Pinks, Chickweeds and Allies - Family: Caryophyllaceae
            • Sundews - Family: Droseraceae
            • Umbrellaworts - Family: Nyctaginaceae
            • Pokeweeds - Family: Phytolaccaceae
            • Knotweeds - Family: Polygonaceae
            • Purslanes - Family: Portulaceae
          • Staff-vines and Allies - Order: Celastrales >
            • Staff-vines - Family: Celastraceae
          • Gourds, Begonias and Allies - Order: Cucurbitales
          • Guinea Flowers and Allies - Order: Dilleniales >
            • Guinea Flowers - Family: Dilleniaceae
          • Heaths, Balsams, Primroses and Allies - Order: Ericales >
            • Balsams and Allies - Family: Balsaminaceae
            • Persimmons and Allies - Family: Ebenaceae
            • Heaths - Family: Ericaceae
            • Primroses - Family: Primulaceae
            • Sapodillas - Family: Sapotaceae
          • Escallonias and Allies - Order: Escalloniales >
            • Escallonias - Family: Escalloniaceae
          • Legumes, Milkworts and Allies - Order: Fabales >
            • Legumes - Family: Fabaceae >
              • Legumes (Part 1) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 2) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 3) - Family: Fabaceae
          • Beeches, Oaks, Walnuts and Allies - Order: Fagales >
            • Birches and Allies - Family: Betulaceae
            • Sheoaks - Family: Casuarinaceae
            • Oaks - Family: Fagaceae
            • Southern Beeches - Family: Nothofagaceae
            • Walnuts - Family: Juglandaceae
          • Gentians, Dogbanes, Madders and Allies - Order: Gentianales >
            • Dogbanes - Family: Apocynaceae
            • Madders - Family: Rubiaceae
          • Geraniums, Cranesbills and Allies - Order: Geraniales >
            • Geraniums and Cranesbills - Family: Geraniaceae
          • Mints, Plantains, Olives and Allies - Order: Lamiales >
            • Acanthuses and Allies - Family: Acanthaceae
            • Bignonias - Family: Bignoniaceae
            • Gesnerias - Family: Gesneriaceae
            • Mints - Family: Lamiaceae
            • Bladderworts - Family: Lentibulariaceae
            • Olives and Allies - Family: Oleaceae
            • Plantains - Family: Plantaginaceae
            • Figworts - Family: Scrophulariaceae
            • Verbenas - Family: Verbenaceae
          • Laurels, Spicebushes and Allies - Order: Laurales >
            • Laurels - Family: Lauraceae
          • Magnolias, Nutmegs and Allies - Order: Magnoliales >
            • Bolwarras - Family: Eupomatiaceae
          • Nances, Willows and Allies - Order: Malpighiales >
            • Spurges - Family: Euphorbiaceae
            • Ochnas - Family: Ochnaceae
            • Passionflowers - Family: Passifloraceae
            • Leaf-flowers - Family: Phyllanthaceae
            • Picrodendrons - Family: Picrodendraceae
            • Ironplums - Family: Putranjivaceae
            • Mangroves - Family: Rhizoporaceae
            • Violets - Family: Violaceae
          • Mallows, Rock-roses and Allies - Order: Malvales >
            • Stringbarks - Family: Thymelaeaceae
            • Mallows, Hibiscuses and Allies - Family: Malvaceae
          • Myrtles, Evening Primroses and Allies - Order: Myrtales >
            • Lythrums and Allies - Family: Lythraceae
            • Melastomes - Family: Melastomataceae
            • Myrtles, Eucalypts, Melaleucas and Allies - Family: Myrtaceae >
              • Waxflowers and Allies - Tribe: Chamelaucieae
              • Gum Trees - Tribe: Eucalypteae
              • Tea Trees and Myrtles - Tribe: Leptospermeae
              • Melaleucas - Tribe: Melaleuceae
              • Waterberries - Tribe: Syzygieae
              • All other Tribes - Subfamily: Myrtoidea
            • Evening Primroses and Allies - Family: Onagraceae
          • Waterlilies, Fanworts and Allies - Order: Nymphaeales >
            • Waterlilies - Family: Nymphaeaceae
          • Woodsorrels, Quandongs and Allies - Order: Oxalidales >
            • Butterspoons - Family: Cunoniaceae
            • Quandongs - Family: Elaecarpaceae
            • Woodsorrels - Family: Oxalidaceae
          • Pepper Plants, Birthworts and Allies - Order: Piperales >
            • Pepper Plants - Family: Piperaceae
          • Proteas, Lotuses, Planes and Allies - Order: Proteales >
            • Proteas and Allies - Family: Proteaceae >
              • Grevilleas, Banksias and Allies - Subfamily: Grevilleoidea >
                • Banksias - Tribe: Banksieae
                • Firebushes and Allies - Tribe: Embothrieae
                • Macadamias and Allies - Tribe: Macadamieae
                • Honeysuckles and Allies - Tribe: Roupaleae
              • Primitive Proteas - Subfamily: Persoonioideae >
                • Geebungs and Allies - Tribe: Persoonieae
              • Singlet Proteas - Subfamily: Proteoideae >
                • Featherbushes and Conesticks - Tribe: Petrophileae
          • Buttercups, Poppies and Allies - Order: Ranunculales >
            • Buttercups - Family: Ranunculaceae
            • Moonseeds - Family: Menispermaceae
            • Poppies and Allies - Family: Papaveraceae
          • Roses, Figs, Elms and Allies - Order: Rosales >
            • Hemps and Allies - Family: Cannabaceae
            • Figs, Mulberries and Allies - Family: Moraceae
            • Buckthorns and Allies - Family: Rhamnaceae
            • Roses, Brambles and Allies - Family: Rosaceae
            • Elms and Allies - Family: Ulmaceae
            • Nettles and Allies - Family: Urticaceae
          • Sandalwoods, Mistletoes and Allies - Order: Santalales >
            • Showy Mistletoes - Family: Loranthaceae
            • Sandalwoods - Family: Santalaceae
          • Soapberries, Mahoganies and Allies - Order: Sapindales >
            • Cashews, Sumacs and Allies - Family: Anacardiaceae
            • Mahoganies and Allies - Family: Meliaceae
            • Rues, Citruses and Allies - Family: Rutaceae
            • Soapberries and Allies - Family: Sapindaceae
            • Quassias, Corkwoods and Allies - Family: Simaroubaceae
          • Saxifrages, Stonecrops and Allies - Order: Saxifragales >
            • Stonecrops and Allies - Family: Crassulaceae
          • Nightshades, Bindweeds and Allies - Order: Solanales >
            • Bindweeds, Ponysfoots and Allies - Family: Convolvulaceae
            • Nightshades, Tobacco and Allies - Family: Solanaceae
          • Grapes and Allies - Order: Vitales >
            • Grapes and Allies - Family: Vitaceae
    • Protozoans - Kingdom: Protozoa >
      • Slime Moulds - Phylum: Mycetozoa >
        • True Slime Moulds - Class: Myxomycetes
  • Info
    • Contact
    • Photo Archive
  • Sitemap
Superfamily:   Cidaroidea


      

Family: Cidaridae


home
on to 'family: Cidaridae'
top

References  and  links:
​

Text:
​

Home

Contact

Sitemap

Note:  Copyright rules vary.  Please contact the editor prior to using any of the images published on this site.
  • Home
    • About the Northern Rivers Project website, and, how to use it.
  • Life
    • Easy navigator to the LIFE pages. >
      • Arachnids, Spiders, Harvestmen, Scorpions, Ticks and Mites of the Northern Rivers, Index
      • Birds, Index
      • Butterflies of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Mammals of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Reptiles of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
    • Animals - Kingdom: Animalia >
      • Thorny-headed Worms - Phylum: Acanthocephala
      • Segmented Worms - Phylum: Annelida
      • Arthropods - Phylum: Arthropoda
      • Brachiopods - Phylum Brachiopoda
      • Bryozoans - Phylum: Bryozoa
      • Arrow Worms - Phylum: Chaetognatha
      • Chordates - Phylum: Chordata >
        • Vertebrates - Subphylum: Vertebrata >
          • Amphibians - Class: Amphibia >
            • Frogs and Toads - Order: Anura >
              • True Toads - Family: Bufonidae
              • Australasian Tree Frogs - Family: Pelodryadidae
              • Australian Ground Frogs - Family: Myobatrachidae
              • Foam-nesting Ground Frogs - Family: Limnodynastidae
              • Frogs, Index
          • Birds - Class: Aves >
            • Hawks, Eagles, Kites and Allies - Order: Accipitriformes >
              • Hawks, Eagles and Kites - Family: Accipitridae
              • Ospreys - Family: Pandionidae
            • Waterfowl - Order: Anseriformes >
              • Ducks, Geese and Swans - Family: Anatidae
              • Magpie Goose - Family: Anseranatidae
            • Nightjars, Swifts and Allies - Order: Caprimulgiformes >
              • Nightjars - Family: Caprimulgidae
              • Frogmouths - Family: Podargidae
            • Cassowaries and Emus - Order: Casuariiformes >
              • Emus - Family: Casuariidae
            • Shorebirds and Allies - Order: Charadriiformes >
              • Stone-Curlews - Family: Burhinidae
              • Plovers and Lapwings - Family: Charadriidae
              • Oystercatchers - Family: Haematopodidae
              • Gulls and Terns - Family: Laridae
              • Stilts and Avocets - Family: Recurvirostridae
              • Sandpipers and Allies - Family: Scolopacidae
              • Skuas - Family: Stercorariidae
              • Buttonquails - Family: Turnicidae
            • Storks - Order: Ciconiiformes >
              • Storks - Family: Ciconiidae
            • Pigeons and Doves - Order: Columbiformes >
              • Pigeons and Doves - Family: Columbidae
            • Kingfishers and Allies - Order: Coraciiformes >
              • Kingfishers - Family: Alcedinidae
              • Bee-eaters - Family: Meropidae
            • Cuckoos - Order: Cuculiformes >
              • Cuckoos - Family: Cuculidae
            • Falcons and Allies - Order: Falconiformes >
              • Falcons and Allies - Family: Falconidae
            • Landfowl - Order: Galliformes >
              • Moundbuilders - Family: Megapodidae
              • Guineafowl - Family: Numididae
              • Pheasants, Quails and Allies - Family: Phasianidae
            • Cranes, Rails and Allies - Order: Gruiformes >
              • Cranes - Family: Gruidae
              • Rails, Gallinules and Coots - Family: Rallidae
            • Bustards - Order: Otidiformes >
              • Bustards - Family: Otididae
            • Perching Birds - Order: Passeriformes >
              • Thornbills and Allies - Family: Acanthizidae
              • Woodswallows, Butcherbirds and Allies - Family: Artamidae
              • Cuckoo-Shrikes - Family: Campephagidae
              • Australasian Treecreepers - Family: Climacteridae
              • Australian Mudnesters - Family: Corcoracidae
              • Crows, Ravens and Allies - Family: Corvidae
              • Flowerpeckers - Family: Dicaeidae
              • Drongos - Family: Dicruridae
              • Finches, Mannikins and Allies - Family: Estrildidae
              • Shrike-Tits - Family: Falcunculidae
              • Swallows and Martins - Family: Hirundinidae
              • Grassbirds and Allies - Family: Locustellidae
              • Fairywrens and Allies - Family: Maluridae
              • Honeyeaters - Family: Meliphagidae
              • Lyrebirds - Family: Menuridae
              • Monarch Flycatchers - Family: Monarchidae
              • Wagtails and Pipits - Family: Motacillidae
              • Sittellas - Family: Neosittidae
              • Figbirds and Orioles - Family: Oriolidae
              • Whistlers and Allies - Family: Pachycephalidae
              • Pardalotes - Family: Pardalotidae
              • Old World Sparrows - Family: Passeridae
              • Australasian Robins - Family: Petroicidae
              • Whipbirds - Family: Psophodidae
              • Bowerbirds - Family: Ptilonorhynchidae
              • Fantails - Family: Rhipiduridae
              • Starlings - Family: Sturnidae
            • Pelicans, Herons, Ibises and Allies - Order: Pelecaniformes >
              • Herons, Egrets and Bitterns - Family: Ardeidae
              • Pelicans - Family: Pelecanidae
              • Ibises and Spoonbills - Family: Threskiornithidae
            • Grebes - Order: Podicipediformes >
              • Grebes - Family: Podicipedidae
            • Tubenoses - Order: Procellariiformes >
              • Southern Storm Petrels - Family: Oceanitidae
              • Petrels and Shearwaters - Family: Procellariidae
            • Parrots and Cockatoos - Order: Psittaciformes >
              • Cockatoos - Family: Cacatuidae
              • Old World Parrots - Family: Psittaculidae
            • Penguins - Order: Sphenisciformes >
              • Penguins - Family: Spheniscidae
            • Owls - Order: Strigiformes >
              • Barn Owls - Family: Tytonidae
            • Gannets, Cormorants and Allies - Order: Suliformes >
              • Darters - Family: Anhingidae
              • Cormorants and Shags - Family: Phalacrocoracidae
              • Boobies and Gannets - Family: Sulidae
          • Mammals - Class: Mammalia >
            • Prototherians - Subclass: Prototheria >
              • Platypus - Family: Ornithorhynchidae
            • Therians - Subclass: Theria >
              • Marsupials - Infraclass: Marsupialia >
                • Kangaroos, Possums, Wombats and Allies - Order: Diprotodontia >
                  • Kangaroos, Wallabies and Allies - Family: Macropodidae
                  • Cuscuses and Brushtail Possums - Family: Phalangeridae
                  • Koalas - Family: Phascolarctidae
                  • Potoroos and Bettongs - Family: Potoroidae
              • Placental Mammals - Infraclass: Placentalia >
                • Primates, Rodents and Allies - Superorder: Euarchontoglires >
                  • Lagomorphs - Order: Lagomorpha >
                    • Hares and Rabbits - Family: Leporidae
                  • Rodents - Order: Rodentia >
                    • Mice, Rats and Hamsters - Suborder: Myomorpha >
                      • Old World Mice and Rats - Family: Muridae
                • Ungulates, Carnivorans and Allies - Superorder: Laurasiatheria >
                  • Even-toed Ungulates and Cetaceans - Order: Artiodactyla >
                    • Ruminants - Suborder: Ruminantia >
                      • Bovids - Family: Bovidae
                    • Swines and Allies - Suborder: Suina >
                      • Swines - Family: Suidae
                    • Cetaceans and Allies - Suborder: Whippomorpha >
                      • Baleen Whales - Parvorder: Mysticeti >
                        • Humpback Whales and Rorquals - Family: Balaenopteridae
                  • Carnivorans - Order: Carnivora >
                    • Canids - Family: Canidae
                    • Felids - Family: Felidae
                  • Bats - Order: Chiroptera >
                    • Yinpterochiroptera (Suborder) >
                      • Old World Fruit Bats - Superfamily: Pteropodoidea >
                        • Flying Foxes and Allies - Family: Pteropodidae
          • Reptiles - Class: Reptilia >
            • Lizards and Snakes - Order: Squamata >
              • Lizards - Suborder: Sauria >
                • Dragons - Family: Agamidae
                • Skinks - Family: Scincidae
                • Monitors - Family: Varanidae
                • Geckos - Infraorder: Gekkota >
                  • Australian Leaf-tailed Geckos and Allies - Family: Carphodactylidae
                  • Australasian Geckos - Family: Diplodactylidae
                  • Typical Geckos - Family: Gekkonidae
                  • Legless Geckos - Family: Pygopodidae
              • Snakes - Suborder: Serpentes >
                • Colubrid Snakes - Family: Colubridae
                • Venomous Land- and Sea Snakes - Family: Elapidae
                • Pythons - Family: Pythonidae
                • Typical Blind Snakes - Family: Typhlopidae
            • Turtles - Order: Testudines >
              • Side-necked Freshwater Turtles - Family: Chelidae
              • Sea Turtles - Superfamily: Chelonioidea >
                • Typical Sea Turtles - Family: Cheloniidae
      • Cnidarians - Phylum: Cnidaria >
        • Hydrozoans - Class: Hydrozoa >
          • Hydroids - Subclass: Hydrodolina >
            • Thecate Hydroids - Order: Leptothecata
            • Siphonophores - Order: Siphonophora >
              • Man o' Wars and Allies - Suborder: Cystonectae >
                • Man o' Wars - Family: Physaliidae
      • Comb Jellies - Phylum: Ctenophora
      • Cycliophorans - Phylum: Cycliophora
      • Dicyemids - Phylum: Dicyemida
      • Echinoderms - Phylum: Echinodermata
      • Entoprocts - Phylum: Entoprocta
      • Gastrotrichs - Phylum: Gastrotricha
      • Gnathiferans - Phylum: Gnathifera
      • Jaw Worms - Phylum: Gnathostomulida
      • Hemichordates - Phylum: Hemichordata
      • Mud Dragons - Phylum: Kinorhyncha
      • Loriciferans - Phylum: Loricifera
      • Molluscs- Phylum: Mollusca
      • Nematodes - Phylum: Nematoda
      • Horsehair Worms - Phylum: Nematomorpha
      • Ribbon Worms - Phylum: Nemertea
      • Velvet Worms - Phylum: Onychophora >
        • Modern Velvet Worms - Order: Euonychophora >
          • Southern Velvet Worms - Family: Peripatopsidae
      • Orthonectids - Phylum: Orthonectida
      • Horseshoe Worms - Phylum: Phoronida
      • Placozoans - Phylum: Placozoa
      • Flatworms - Phylum: Platyhelminthes >
        • Rhabditophora (Subphylum) >
          • Planarians - Order: Tricladida >
            • Continenticola (Suborder) >
              • Geoplanoidea (Superfamily) >
                • Land Planarians - Family: Geoplanidae
      • Sponges - Phylum: Porifera
      • Priapulid Worms - Phylum: Priapulida
      • Rotifers - Phylum: Rotifera
      • Tardigrades - Phylum: Tardigrada
      • Xenoturbellids - Phylum: Xenacoelomorpha
    • Kelp, Diatoms and Allies - Kingdom: Chromista
    • Fungi and Lichens - Kingdom: Fungi >
      • Basidiomycetes - Phylum: Basidiomycota
      • Zygote Fungi - Phylum: Zygomycota
      • All other Fungi
      • Unidentified Fungi
    • Plants - Kingdom: Plantae >
      • Hornworts - Phylum: Anthocerotophyta
      • Mosses - Phylum: Bryophyta >
        • True Mosses - Class: Bryopsida >
          • Bryales (Order)
          • Rhizogoniales (Order)
      • Charophyte Algae - Phylum: Charophyta
      • Green Algae - Phylum: Chlorophyta
      • Glaucophyte Algae - Phylum: Glaucophyta
      • Liverworts - Phylum: Marchantiophyta
      • Red Algae - Phylum: Rhodophyta
      • Vascular Plants - Phylum: Tracheophyta >
        • Cycads and Zamias - Class: Cycadopsida >
          • Zamias - Family: Zamiaceae
        • Lycophytes - Class: Lycopodiopsida >
          • Clubmosses - Order: Lycopodiales >
            • Clubmosses - Family: Lycopodiaceae
        • Conifers - Class: Pinopsida >
          • Auracarians - Family: Auracariaceae
          • Cypresses and Allies - Family: Cupressaceae
          • Pines and Allies - Family: Pinaceae
          • Yellowwoods and Allies - Family: Podocarpaceae
        • Ferns - Class: Polypodiopsida >
          • Leptosporangiate Ferns - Subclass: Polypodiidae >
            • Tree Ferns - Order: Cyatheales >
              • Scaly Tree Ferns - Family: Cyatheaceae
              • Hairy Tree Ferns - Family: Dicksoniaceae
            • Forked Ferns - Order: Gleicheniales >
              • Forked Ferns - Family: Gleicheniaceae
            • Filmy Ferns - Order: Hymenophyllales >
              • Filmy Ferns - Family: Hymenophyllaceae
            • Polypod Ferns - Order: Polypodiales >
              • Eupolypods ll - Suborder: Aspleniineae >
                • Spleenworts - Family: Aspleniaceae
                • Chain Ferns - Family: Blechnaceae
              • Brackens - Suborder: Dennstaedtiineae >
                • Brackens - Family: Dennstaedtiaceae
              • Eupolypods l - Suborder: Polypodiineae >
                • Sword Ferns - Family: Nephrolepidaceae
                • Polypod Ferns - Family: Polypodiaceae
                • Tectarias - Family: Tectariaceae
              • Brakes - Suborder: Pteridineae >
                • Brakes - Family: Pteridaceae
            • Aquatic Ferns - Order: Salviniales >
              • Water Ferns - Family: Salviniaceae
        • Monocotyledons - Class: Liliopsida >
          • Water Plantains and Allies - Order: Alismatales >
            • Water Plantains - Family: Alismataceae
            • Aroids - Family: Araceae
          • Palms - Order: Arecales >
            • Palms - Family: Arecaceae
          • Agaves, Orchids, Irises and Allies - Order: Asparagales >
            • Amaryllis, Onions and Allies - Family: Amaryllidaceae
            • Agaves, Asparagus and Allies - Family: Asparagaceae
            • Asphodels - Family: Asphodelaceae
            • Irises, Blue Flags and Allies - Family: Iridaceae
            • Orchids - Family: Orchidaceae >
              • Orchids (Part 1.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 2.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 3.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 4.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 5.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 6.) - Family: Orchidaceae
          • Spiderworts and Allies - Order: Commelinales >
            • Spiderworts - Family: Commelinaceae
            • Stream Lilies and Frog-mouths - Family: Phylidraceae
          • Yams, Colicroots and Allies - Order: Dioscoreales >
            • True Yams - Family: Dioscoreaceae
          • Lilies, Supplejacks and Allies - Order: Liliales >
            • Bellworts, Naked Ladies and Allies - Family: Colchicaceae
            • Greenbriers - Family: Smilacaceae
          • Screwpines and Allies - Order: Pandanales >
            • Screwpines - Family: Pandanaceae
          • Grasses and Sedges - Order: Poales >
            • Bromeliads - Family: Bromeliaceae
            • Sedges - Family: Cyperaceae
            • Grasses - Family: Poaceae
            • Restiads - Family: Restionaceae
            • Bulrushes, Cattails and Allies - Family: Typhaceae
          • Canna Lilies and Gingers - Order: Zingiberales >
            • Arrowroots - Family: Marantaceae
            • Gingers - Family: Zingiberaceae
        • Dicotyledons - Class: Magnoliopsida >
          • Carrots, Ivies and Allies - Order: Apiales >
            • Umbellifers - Family: Apiaceae
            • Ivies and Allies - Family: Araliaceae
            • Cheesewoods and Allies - Family: Pittosporaceae
          • Hollies and Allies - Order: Aquifoliales >
            • Cardiopteris - Family: Cardiopteridaceae
          • Sunflowers, Bellflowers, Fanflowers and Allies - Order: Asterales >
            • Korokios and Allies - Family: Argyophyllaceae
            • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies - Family: Asteraceae >
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 1.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 2.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 3.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 4.) - Family: Asteraceae
            • Bellflowers, Lobelias and Allies - Family: Campanulaceae
            • Fanflowers, Goodenias and Allies - Family: Goodeniaceae
            • Bogbeans and Allies - Family: Menyanthaceae
          • Borage and Allies - Order: Boraginales >
            • Borage - Family: Boraginaceae
          • Mustards, Capers and Allies - Ordser: Brassicales >
            • Mustards and Allies - Family: Brassicaceae
            • Capers and Allies - Family: Capparaceae
            • Papayas - Family: Caricaceae
          • Canellas, Winter's Bark and Allies - Order: Canellales
          • Pinks, Cactuses and Allies - Order: Caryophyllales >
            • Stone Plants - Family: Aizoaceae
            • Amaranths and Allies - Family: Amaranthaceae
            • Basellas - Family: Basellaceae
            • Cactuses - Family: Cactaceae
            • Pinks, Chickweeds and Allies - Family: Caryophyllaceae
            • Sundews - Family: Droseraceae
            • Umbrellaworts - Family: Nyctaginaceae
            • Pokeweeds - Family: Phytolaccaceae
            • Knotweeds - Family: Polygonaceae
            • Purslanes - Family: Portulaceae
          • Staff-vines and Allies - Order: Celastrales >
            • Staff-vines - Family: Celastraceae
          • Gourds, Begonias and Allies - Order: Cucurbitales
          • Guinea Flowers and Allies - Order: Dilleniales >
            • Guinea Flowers - Family: Dilleniaceae
          • Heaths, Balsams, Primroses and Allies - Order: Ericales >
            • Balsams and Allies - Family: Balsaminaceae
            • Persimmons and Allies - Family: Ebenaceae
            • Heaths - Family: Ericaceae
            • Primroses - Family: Primulaceae
            • Sapodillas - Family: Sapotaceae
          • Escallonias and Allies - Order: Escalloniales >
            • Escallonias - Family: Escalloniaceae
          • Legumes, Milkworts and Allies - Order: Fabales >
            • Legumes - Family: Fabaceae >
              • Legumes (Part 1) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 2) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 3) - Family: Fabaceae
          • Beeches, Oaks, Walnuts and Allies - Order: Fagales >
            • Birches and Allies - Family: Betulaceae
            • Sheoaks - Family: Casuarinaceae
            • Oaks - Family: Fagaceae
            • Southern Beeches - Family: Nothofagaceae
            • Walnuts - Family: Juglandaceae
          • Gentians, Dogbanes, Madders and Allies - Order: Gentianales >
            • Dogbanes - Family: Apocynaceae
            • Madders - Family: Rubiaceae
          • Geraniums, Cranesbills and Allies - Order: Geraniales >
            • Geraniums and Cranesbills - Family: Geraniaceae
          • Mints, Plantains, Olives and Allies - Order: Lamiales >
            • Acanthuses and Allies - Family: Acanthaceae
            • Bignonias - Family: Bignoniaceae
            • Gesnerias - Family: Gesneriaceae
            • Mints - Family: Lamiaceae
            • Bladderworts - Family: Lentibulariaceae
            • Olives and Allies - Family: Oleaceae
            • Plantains - Family: Plantaginaceae
            • Figworts - Family: Scrophulariaceae
            • Verbenas - Family: Verbenaceae
          • Laurels, Spicebushes and Allies - Order: Laurales >
            • Laurels - Family: Lauraceae
          • Magnolias, Nutmegs and Allies - Order: Magnoliales >
            • Bolwarras - Family: Eupomatiaceae
          • Nances, Willows and Allies - Order: Malpighiales >
            • Spurges - Family: Euphorbiaceae
            • Ochnas - Family: Ochnaceae
            • Passionflowers - Family: Passifloraceae
            • Leaf-flowers - Family: Phyllanthaceae
            • Picrodendrons - Family: Picrodendraceae
            • Ironplums - Family: Putranjivaceae
            • Mangroves - Family: Rhizoporaceae
            • Violets - Family: Violaceae
          • Mallows, Rock-roses and Allies - Order: Malvales >
            • Stringbarks - Family: Thymelaeaceae
            • Mallows, Hibiscuses and Allies - Family: Malvaceae
          • Myrtles, Evening Primroses and Allies - Order: Myrtales >
            • Lythrums and Allies - Family: Lythraceae
            • Melastomes - Family: Melastomataceae
            • Myrtles, Eucalypts, Melaleucas and Allies - Family: Myrtaceae >
              • Waxflowers and Allies - Tribe: Chamelaucieae
              • Gum Trees - Tribe: Eucalypteae
              • Tea Trees and Myrtles - Tribe: Leptospermeae
              • Melaleucas - Tribe: Melaleuceae
              • Waterberries - Tribe: Syzygieae
              • All other Tribes - Subfamily: Myrtoidea
            • Evening Primroses and Allies - Family: Onagraceae
          • Waterlilies, Fanworts and Allies - Order: Nymphaeales >
            • Waterlilies - Family: Nymphaeaceae
          • Woodsorrels, Quandongs and Allies - Order: Oxalidales >
            • Butterspoons - Family: Cunoniaceae
            • Quandongs - Family: Elaecarpaceae
            • Woodsorrels - Family: Oxalidaceae
          • Pepper Plants, Birthworts and Allies - Order: Piperales >
            • Pepper Plants - Family: Piperaceae
          • Proteas, Lotuses, Planes and Allies - Order: Proteales >
            • Proteas and Allies - Family: Proteaceae >
              • Grevilleas, Banksias and Allies - Subfamily: Grevilleoidea >
                • Banksias - Tribe: Banksieae
                • Firebushes and Allies - Tribe: Embothrieae
                • Macadamias and Allies - Tribe: Macadamieae
                • Honeysuckles and Allies - Tribe: Roupaleae
              • Primitive Proteas - Subfamily: Persoonioideae >
                • Geebungs and Allies - Tribe: Persoonieae
              • Singlet Proteas - Subfamily: Proteoideae >
                • Featherbushes and Conesticks - Tribe: Petrophileae
          • Buttercups, Poppies and Allies - Order: Ranunculales >
            • Buttercups - Family: Ranunculaceae
            • Moonseeds - Family: Menispermaceae
            • Poppies and Allies - Family: Papaveraceae
          • Roses, Figs, Elms and Allies - Order: Rosales >
            • Hemps and Allies - Family: Cannabaceae
            • Figs, Mulberries and Allies - Family: Moraceae
            • Buckthorns and Allies - Family: Rhamnaceae
            • Roses, Brambles and Allies - Family: Rosaceae
            • Elms and Allies - Family: Ulmaceae
            • Nettles and Allies - Family: Urticaceae
          • Sandalwoods, Mistletoes and Allies - Order: Santalales >
            • Showy Mistletoes - Family: Loranthaceae
            • Sandalwoods - Family: Santalaceae
          • Soapberries, Mahoganies and Allies - Order: Sapindales >
            • Cashews, Sumacs and Allies - Family: Anacardiaceae
            • Mahoganies and Allies - Family: Meliaceae
            • Rues, Citruses and Allies - Family: Rutaceae
            • Soapberries and Allies - Family: Sapindaceae
            • Quassias, Corkwoods and Allies - Family: Simaroubaceae
          • Saxifrages, Stonecrops and Allies - Order: Saxifragales >
            • Stonecrops and Allies - Family: Crassulaceae
          • Nightshades, Bindweeds and Allies - Order: Solanales >
            • Bindweeds, Ponysfoots and Allies - Family: Convolvulaceae
            • Nightshades, Tobacco and Allies - Family: Solanaceae
          • Grapes and Allies - Order: Vitales >
            • Grapes and Allies - Family: Vitaceae
    • Protozoans - Kingdom: Protozoa >
      • Slime Moulds - Phylum: Mycetozoa >
        • True Slime Moulds - Class: Myxomycetes
  • Info
    • Contact
    • Photo Archive
  • Sitemap