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Giant  Goblin  Spiders  -  Family:  Orsolobidae

​     In 1965 the Dysderoidea were still considered to be a family and the Orsolobini were proposed as on of four tribes within it.  In 1985, Forster and Platnick published a review of this group of spiders which also included considerable reshuffling of various genera.  The Family: Dysderidae was elevated to superfamily and the Orsolobini gained status as a family.   It now contains 189  species in 30 genera, 4 of which are endemic to Australia, 16 to  New Zealand and the others to either Africa or South America; a 'Gondwanan distribution'. The Northern rivers contingent is limited to ten species from three genera.  
      Despite the generic name, Orsolobid spiders are no giants, most small spiders no bigger than 5 mm in bodylength.  They are regularly seen in eastern Australia from Geelong to Cape Tribulation in northern Queensland, as well as in south-west W.A.  With regards to their life history not a lot is known although some species of the Genus: Tasmanoonops build a small, single entrance shelter for themselves in which the female lays her eggs and remains to guard them.  They feed on small invertebrates such as springtails, amphipods and insect larvae which they actively hunt; Orsolobids do not build webs.

      The Orsolobidae are also known as Six-eyed Ground Spiders, a more apt moniker, as they are found among leaf litter on the forest floor where the scavenge for their prey.  They are easily mistaken for Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae) and Woodlouse Hunters (Dysderidae) particularly in Victoria to Central N.S.W.  where there is range overlap between the familes.  Note also that some of the genera now placed in the Orsolobidae were taken from either of the two others further highlighting their similarity.

      Australobus torbay      

​    

      Hickmanolobus ibisca



      Hickmanolobus linnaei

      

      Hickmanolobus nimorakiotakisi     (possible occurrence)



      Tasmanoonops complexus

​

      Tasmanoonops dorrigo



      Tasmanoonops mysticus



      Tasmanoonops parvus



      Tasmanoonops ripus     (possible occurrence)



      Tasmanoonops rogerkitchingi     (likely occurrence)




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Taxonomy:
​
Phylum:   Arthropoda   (Arthropods)
          > Subphylum:   Chelicerata   (Chelicerates)
                    > Class:   Arachnida   (Arachnids) 
                                        > Order:   Aranea   (Spiders)
                                                  > Suborder:   Araneomorphae   (Typical Spiders)
​
                                                            > Infraorder:   Haplogynae   (Haplogyne Spiders)
                                                                      > Superfamily:   Dysderoidea   (Goblin-, Tunnel  Spiders and Allies)
                                                                                > Family:   Orsolobidae   (Giant Goblin Spiders)
                                                                                                              > Genus:   Australobus
                                                                                                                        > Species:   A. torbay
                                                                                                              > Genus:   Hickmanolobus
                                                                                                                        > Species:   H. ibisca
                                                                                                                        > Species:   H. linnaei
                                                                                                                        > Species:   H. nimorakiotakisi  ^

                                                                                                              > Genus:   Tasmanoonops
                                                                                                                        > Species:   T. complexus
                                                                                                                        > Species:   T. dorrigo
                                                                                                                        > Species:   T. mysticus
                                                                                                                        > Species:   T. parvus
                                                                                                                        > Species:   T. ripus  ^

                                                                                                                        > Species:   T. rogerkitchingi  *

*  =  likely
^  =  possibly

References  and  links:
​
>      Baehr, B., Raven, R. and Hebron, W.,  (2011).   'Orsolobidae (Araneae) of the IBISCA-Queensland Project at Lamington National Park, Australia.'    Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 55, 2, 2011
>      Baehr, B. and Smith, H., (2008).  'Three New Species of the Australian Orsolobid Spider Genus Hickmanolobus (Araneae: Orsolobidae)',  Records of the Western Australian Museum, 24, 4, 2008 
>      Cooke, J.A.L.,  (1965).   'Spider genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae).'   Nature 205: 1027-1028.
​>      Forster, R.R.   and  Platnick, N.I.,  (1985).    'A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea.'  Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 181: 1-230.
>     Framenau, V.W., Baehr, B.C. and Zborowski, P. (2014).   'A Guide to the Spiders of Australia.'  New Holland Publishers, Sydney.
​

​      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana


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          • Cypresses and Allies - Family: Cupressaceae
          • Pines and Allies - Family: Pinaceae
          • Yellowwoods and Allies - Family: Podocarpaceae
        • Ferns - Class: Polypodiopsida >
          • Leptosporangiate Ferns - Subclass: Polypodiidae >
            • Tree Ferns - Order: Cyatheales >
              • Scaly Tree Ferns - Family: Cyatheaceae
              • Hairy Tree Ferns - Family: Dicksoniaceae
            • Forked Ferns - Order: Gleicheniales >
              • Forked Ferns - Family: Gleicheniaceae
            • Filmy Ferns - Order: Hymenophyllales >
              • Filmy Ferns - Family: Hymenophyllaceae
            • Polypod Ferns - Order: Polypodiales >
              • Eupolypods ll - Suborder: Aspleniineae >
                • Spleenworts - Family: Aspleniaceae
                • Chain Ferns - Family: Blechnaceae
              • Brackens - Suborder: Dennstaedtiineae >
                • Brackens - Family: Dennstaedtiaceae
              • Eupolypods l - Suborder: Polypodiineae >
                • Sword Ferns - Family: Nephrolepidaceae
                • Polypod Ferns - Family: Polypodiaceae
                • Tectarias - Family: Tectariaceae
              • Brakes - Suborder: Pteridineae >
                • Brakes - Family: Pteridaceae
            • Aquatic Ferns - Order: Salviniales >
              • Water Ferns - Family: Salviniaceae
        • Monocotyledons - Class: Liliopsida >
          • Water Plantains and Allies - Order: Alismatales >
            • Water Plantains - Family: Alismataceae
            • Aroids - Family: Araceae
          • Palms - Order: Arecales >
            • Palms - Family: Arecaceae
          • Agaves, Orchids, Irises and Allies - Order: Asparagales >
            • Amaryllis, Onions and Allies - Family: Amaryllidaceae
            • Agaves, Asparagus and Allies - Family: Asparagaceae
            • Asphodels - Family: Asphodelaceae
            • Irises, Blue Flags and Allies - Family: Iridaceae
            • Orchids - Family: Orchidaceae >
              • Orchids (Part 1.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 2.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 3.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 4.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 5.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 6.) - Family: Orchidaceae
          • Spiderworts and Allies - Order: Commelinales >
            • Spiderworts - Family: Commelinaceae
            • Stream Lilies and Frog-mouths - Family: Phylidraceae
          • Yams, Colicroots and Allies - Order: Dioscoreales >
            • True Yams - Family: Dioscoreaceae
          • Lilies, Supplejacks and Allies - Order: Liliales >
            • Bellworts, Naked Ladies and Allies - Family: Colchicaceae
            • Greenbriers - Family: Smilacaceae
          • Screwpines and Allies - Order: Pandanales >
            • Screwpines - Family: Pandanaceae
          • Grasses and Sedges - Order: Poales >
            • Bromeliads - Family: Bromeliaceae
            • Sedges - Family: Cyperaceae
            • Grasses - Family: Poaceae
            • Restiads - Family: Restionaceae
            • Bulrushes, Cattails and Allies - Family: Typhaceae
          • Canna Lilies and Gingers - Order: Zingiberales >
            • Arrowroots - Family: Marantaceae
            • Gingers - Family: Zingiberaceae
        • Dicotyledons - Class: Magnoliopsida >
          • Carrots, Ivies and Allies - Order: Apiales >
            • Umbellifers - Family: Apiaceae
            • Ivies and Allies - Family: Araliaceae
            • Cheesewoods and Allies - Family: Pittosporaceae
          • Hollies and Allies - Order: Aquifoliales >
            • Cardiopteris - Family: Cardiopteridaceae
          • Sunflowers, Bellflowers, Fanflowers and Allies - Order: Asterales >
            • Korokios and Allies - Family: Argyophyllaceae
            • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies - Family: Asteraceae >
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 1.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 2.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 3.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 4.) - Family: Asteraceae
            • Bellflowers, Lobelias and Allies - Family: Campanulaceae
            • Fanflowers, Goodenias and Allies - Family: Goodeniaceae
            • Bogbeans and Allies - Family: Menyanthaceae
          • Borage and Allies - Order: Boraginales >
            • Borage - Family: Boraginaceae
          • Mustards, Capers and Allies - Ordser: Brassicales >
            • Mustards and Allies - Family: Brassicaceae
            • Capers and Allies - Family: Capparaceae
            • Papayas - Family: Caricaceae
          • Canellas, Winter's Bark and Allies - Order: Canellales
          • Pinks, Cactuses and Allies - Order: Caryophyllales >
            • Stone Plants - Family: Aizoaceae
            • Amaranths and Allies - Family: Amaranthaceae
            • Basellas - Family: Basellaceae
            • Cactuses - Family: Cactaceae
            • Pinks, Chickweeds and Allies - Family: Caryophyllaceae
            • Sundews - Family: Droseraceae
            • Umbrellaworts - Family: Nyctaginaceae
            • Pokeweeds - Family: Phytolaccaceae
            • Knotweeds - Family: Polygonaceae
            • Purslanes - Family: Portulaceae
          • Staff-vines and Allies - Order: Celastrales >
            • Staff-vines - Family: Celastraceae
          • Gourds, Begonias and Allies - Order: Cucurbitales
          • Guinea Flowers and Allies - Order: Dilleniales >
            • Guinea Flowers - Family: Dilleniaceae
          • Heaths, Balsams, Primroses and Allies - Order: Ericales >
            • Balsams and Allies - Family: Balsaminaceae
            • Persimmons and Allies - Family: Ebenaceae
            • Heaths - Family: Ericaceae
            • Primroses - Family: Primulaceae
            • Sapodillas - Family: Sapotaceae
          • Escallonias and Allies - Order: Escalloniales >
            • Escallonias - Family: Escalloniaceae
          • Legumes, Milkworts and Allies - Order: Fabales >
            • Legumes - Family: Fabaceae >
              • Legumes (Part 1) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 2) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 3) - Family: Fabaceae
          • Beeches, Oaks, Walnuts and Allies - Order: Fagales >
            • Birches and Allies - Family: Betulaceae
            • Sheoaks - Family: Casuarinaceae
            • Oaks - Family: Fagaceae
            • Southern Beeches - Family: Nothofagaceae
            • Walnuts - Family: Juglandaceae
          • Gentians, Dogbanes, Madders and Allies - Order: Gentianales >
            • Dogbanes - Family: Apocynaceae
            • Madders - Family: Rubiaceae
          • Geraniums, Cranesbills and Allies - Order: Geraniales >
            • Geraniums and Cranesbills - Family: Geraniaceae
          • Mints, Plantains, Olives and Allies - Order: Lamiales >
            • Acanthuses and Allies - Family: Acanthaceae
            • Bignonias - Family: Bignoniaceae
            • Gesnerias - Family: Gesneriaceae
            • Mints - Family: Lamiaceae
            • Bladderworts - Family: Lentibulariaceae
            • Olives and Allies - Family: Oleaceae
            • Plantains - Family: Plantaginaceae
            • Figworts - Family: Scrophulariaceae
            • Verbenas - Family: Verbenaceae
          • Laurels, Spicebushes and Allies - Order: Laurales >
            • Laurels - Family: Lauraceae
          • Magnolias, Nutmegs and Allies - Order: Magnoliales >
            • Bolwarras - Family: Eupomatiaceae
          • Nances, Willows and Allies - Order: Malpighiales >
            • Spurges - Family: Euphorbiaceae
            • Ochnas - Family: Ochnaceae
            • Passionflowers - Family: Passifloraceae
            • Leaf-flowers - Family: Phyllanthaceae
            • Picrodendrons - Family: Picrodendraceae
            • Ironplums - Family: Putranjivaceae
            • Mangroves - Family: Rhizoporaceae
            • Violets - Family: Violaceae
          • Mallows, Rock-roses and Allies - Order: Malvales >
            • Stringbarks - Family: Thymelaeaceae
            • Mallows, Hibiscuses and Allies - Family: Malvaceae
          • Myrtles, Evening Primroses and Allies - Order: Myrtales >
            • Lythrums and Allies - Family: Lythraceae
            • Melastomes - Family: Melastomataceae
            • Myrtles, Eucalypts, Melaleucas and Allies - Family: Myrtaceae >
              • Waxflowers and Allies - Tribe: Chamelaucieae
              • Gum Trees - Tribe: Eucalypteae
              • Tea Trees and Myrtles - Tribe: Leptospermeae
              • Melaleucas - Tribe: Melaleuceae
              • Waterberries - Tribe: Syzygieae
              • All other Tribes - Subfamily: Myrtoidea
            • Evening Primroses and Allies - Family: Onagraceae
          • Waterlilies, Fanworts and Allies - Order: Nymphaeales >
            • Waterlilies - Family: Nymphaeaceae
          • Woodsorrels, Quandongs and Allies - Order: Oxalidales >
            • Butterspoons - Family: Cunoniaceae
            • Quandongs - Family: Elaecarpaceae
            • Woodsorrels - Family: Oxalidaceae
          • Pepper Plants, Birthworts and Allies - Order: Piperales >
            • Pepper Plants - Family: Piperaceae
          • Proteas, Lotuses, Planes and Allies - Order: Proteales >
            • Proteas and Allies - Family: Proteaceae >
              • Grevilleas, Banksias and Allies - Subfamily: Grevilleoidea >
                • Banksias - Tribe: Banksieae
                • Firebushes and Allies - Tribe: Embothrieae
                • Macadamias and Allies - Tribe: Macadamieae
                • Honeysuckles and Allies - Tribe: Roupaleae
              • Primitive Proteas - Subfamily: Persoonioideae >
                • Geebungs and Allies - Tribe: Persoonieae
              • Singlet Proteas - Subfamily: Proteoideae >
                • Featherbushes and Conesticks - Tribe: Petrophileae
          • Buttercups, Poppies and Allies - Order: Ranunculales >
            • Buttercups - Family: Ranunculaceae
            • Moonseeds - Family: Menispermaceae
            • Poppies and Allies - Family: Papaveraceae
          • Roses, Figs, Elms and Allies - Order: Rosales >
            • Hemps and Allies - Family: Cannabaceae
            • Figs, Mulberries and Allies - Family: Moraceae
            • Buckthorns and Allies - Family: Rhamnaceae
            • Roses, Brambles and Allies - Family: Rosaceae
            • Elms and Allies - Family: Ulmaceae
            • Nettles and Allies - Family: Urticaceae
          • Sandalwoods, Mistletoes and Allies - Order: Santalales >
            • Showy Mistletoes - Family: Loranthaceae
            • Sandalwoods - Family: Santalaceae
          • Soapberries, Mahoganies and Allies - Order: Sapindales >
            • Cashews, Sumacs and Allies - Family: Anacardiaceae
            • Mahoganies and Allies - Family: Meliaceae
            • Rues, Citruses and Allies - Family: Rutaceae
            • Soapberries and Allies - Family: Sapindaceae
            • Quassias, Corkwoods and Allies - Family: Simaroubaceae
          • Saxifrages, Stonecrops and Allies - Order: Saxifragales >
            • Stonecrops and Allies - Family: Crassulaceae
          • Nightshades, Bindweeds and Allies - Order: Solanales >
            • Bindweeds, Ponysfoots and Allies - Family: Convolvulaceae
            • Nightshades, Tobacco and Allies - Family: Solanaceae
          • Grapes and Allies - Order: Vitales >
            • Grapes and Allies - Family: Vitaceae
    • Protozoans - Kingdom: Protozoa >
      • Slime Moulds - Phylum: Mycetozoa >
        • True Slime Moulds - Class: Myxomycetes
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