The Northern Rivers Project
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      • Arachnids, Spiders, Harvestmen, Scorpions, Ticks and Mites of the Northern Rivers, Index
      • Birds, Index
      • Butterflies of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Mammals of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Reptiles of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
    • Animals - Kingdom: Animalia >
      • Thorny-headed Worms - Phylum: Acanthocephala
      • Segmented Worms - Phylum: Annelida
      • Arthropods - Phylum: Arthropoda
      • Brachiopods - Phylum Brachiopoda
      • Bryozoans - Phylum: Bryozoa
      • Arrow Worms - Phylum: Chaetognatha
      • Chordates - Phylum: Chordata
      • Cnidarians - Phylum: Cnidaria
      • Cycliophorans - Phylum: Cycliophora
      • Dicyemids - Phylum: Dicyemida
      • Echinoderms - Phylum: Echinodermata
      • Entoprocts - Phylum: Entoprocta
      • Gastrotrichs - Phylum: Gastrotricha
      • Gnathiferans - Phylum: Gnathifera
      • Jaw Worms - Phylum: Gnathostomulida
      • Hemichordates - Phylum: Hemichordata
      • Mud Dragons - Phylum: Kinorhyncha
      • Loriciferans - Phylum: Loricifera
      • Molluscs- Phylum: Mollusca
      • Nematodes - Phylum: Nematoda
      • Horsehair Worms - Phylum: Nematomorpha
      • Ribbon Worms - Phylum: Nemertea
      • Velvet Worms - Phylum: Onychophora >
        • Modern Velvet Worms - Order: Euonychophora >
          • Southern Velvet Worms - Family: Peripatopsidae
      • Orthonectids - Phylum: Orthonectida
      • Horseshoe Worms - Phylum: Phoronida
      • Placozoans - Phylum: Placozoa
      • Flatworms - Phylum: Platyhelminthes >
        • Rhabditophora (Subphylum) >
          • Planarians - Order: Tricladida >
            • Continenticola (Suborder) >
              • Geoplanoidea (Superfamily) >
                • Land Planarians - Family: Geoplanidae
      • Sponges - Phylum: Porifera
      • Priapulid Worms - Phylum: Priapulida
      • Rotifers - Phylum: Rotifera
      • Tardigrades - Phylum: Tardigrada
      • Xenoturbellids - Phylum: Xenacoelomorpha
    • Kelp, Diatoms and Allies - Kingdom: Chromista
    • Fungi and Lichens - Kingdom: Fungi >
      • Basidiomycetes - Phylum: Basidiomycota
      • Zygote Fungi - Phylum: Zygomycota
      • All other Fungi
      • Unidentified Fungi
    • Plants - Kingdom: Plantae >
      • Hornworts - Phylum: Anthocerotophyta
      • Mosses - Phylum: Bryophyta >
        • True Mosses - Class: Bryopsida >
          • Bryales (Order)
          • Rhizogoniales (Order)
      • Charophyte Algae - Phylum: Charophyta
      • Green Algae - Phylum: Chlorophyta
      • Glaucophyte Algae - Phylum: Glaucophyta
      • Liverworts - Phylum: Marchantiophyta
      • Red Algae - Phylum: Rhodophyta
      • Vascular Plants - Phylum: Tracheophyta >
        • Cycads and Zamias - Class: Cycadopsida >
          • Zamias - Family: Zamiaceae
        • Lycophytes - Class: Lycopodiopsida >
          • Clubmosses - Order: Lycopodiales >
            • Clubmosses - Family: Lycopodiaceae
        • Conifers - Class: Pinopsida >
          • Auracarians - Family: Auracariaceae
          • Cypresses and Allies - Family: Cupressaceae
          • Pines and Allies - Family: Pinaceae
          • Yellowwoods and Allies - Family: Podocarpaceae
        • Ferns - Class: Polypodiopsida >
          • Leptosporangiate Ferns - Subclass: Polypodiidae >
            • Tree Ferns - Order: Cyatheales >
              • Scaly Tree Ferns - Family: Cyatheaceae
              • Hairy Tree Ferns - Family: Dicksoniaceae
            • Forked Ferns - Order: Gleicheniales >
              • Forked Ferns - Family: Gleicheniaceae
            • Filmy Ferns - Order: Hymenophyllales >
              • Filmy Ferns - Family: Hymenophyllaceae
            • Polypod Ferns - Order: Polypodiales >
              • Eupolypods ll - Suborder: Aspleniineae >
                • Spleenworts - Family: Aspleniaceae
                • Chain Ferns - Family: Blechnaceae
              • Brackens - Suborder: Dennstaedtiineae >
                • Brackens - Family: Dennstaedtiaceae
              • Eupolypods l - Suborder: Polypodiineae >
                • Sword Ferns - Family: Nephrolepidaceae
                • Polypod Ferns - Family: Polypodiaceae
                • Tectarias - Family: Tectariaceae
              • Brakes - Suborder: Pteridineae >
                • Brakes - Family: Pteridaceae
            • Aquatic Ferns - Order: Salviniales >
              • Water Ferns - Family: Salviniaceae
        • Monocotyledons - Class: Liliopsida >
          • Water Plantains and Allies - Order: Alismatales >
            • Water Plantains - Family: Alismataceae
            • Aroids - Family: Araceae
          • Palms - Order: Arecales >
            • Palms - Family: Arecaceae
          • Agaves, Orchids, Irises and Allies - Order: Asparagales >
            • Amaryllis, Onions and Allies - Family: Amaryllidaceae
            • Agaves, Asparagus and Allies - Family: Asparagaceae
            • Asphodels - Family: Asphodelaceae
            • Irises, Blue Flags and Allies - Family: Iridaceae
            • Orchids - Family: Orchidaceae >
              • Orchids (Part 1.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 2.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 3.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 4.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 5.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 6.) - Family: Orchidaceae
          • Spiderworts and Allies - Order: Commelinales >
            • Spiderworts - Family: Commelinaceae
            • Stream Lilies and Frog-mouths - Family: Phylidraceae
          • Yams, Colicroots and Allies - Order: Dioscoreales >
            • True Yams - Family: Dioscoreaceae
          • Lilies, Supplejacks and Allies - Order: Liliales >
            • Bellworts, Naked Ladies and Allies - Family: Colchicaceae
            • Greenbriers - Family: Smilacaceae
          • Screwpines and Allies - Order: Pandanales >
            • Screwpines - Family: Pandanaceae
          • Grasses and Sedges - Order: Poales >
            • Bromeliads - Family: Bromeliaceae
            • Sedges - Family: Cyperaceae
            • Grasses - Family: Poaceae
            • Restiads - Family: Restionaceae
            • Bulrushes, Cattails and Allies - Family: Typhaceae
          • Canna Lilies and Gingers - Order: Zingiberales >
            • Arrowroots - Family: Marantaceae
            • Gingers - Family: Zingiberaceae
        • Dicotyledons - Class: Magnoliopsida >
          • Carrots, Ivies and Allies - Order: Apiales >
            • Umbellifers - Family: Apiaceae
            • Ivies and Allies - Family: Araliaceae
            • Cheesewoods and Allies - Family: Pittosporaceae
          • Hollies and Allies - Order: Aquifoliales >
            • Cardiopteris - Family: Cardiopteridaceae
          • Sunflowers, Bellflowers, Fanflowers and Allies - Order: Asterales >
            • Korokios and Allies - Family: Argyophyllaceae
            • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies - Family: Asteraceae >
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 1.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 2.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 3.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 4.) - Family: Asteraceae
            • Bellflowers, Lobelias and Allies - Family: Campanulaceae
            • Fanflowers, Goodenias and Allies - Family: Goodeniaceae
            • Bogbeans and Allies - Family: Menyanthaceae
          • Borage and Allies - Order: Boraginales >
            • Borage - Family: Boraginaceae
          • Mustards, Capers and Allies - Ordser: Brassicales >
            • Mustards and Allies - Family: Brassicaceae
            • Capers and Allies - Family: Capparaceae
            • Papayas - Family: Caricaceae
          • Canellas, Winter's Bark and Allies - Order: Canellales
          • Pinks, Cactuses and Allies - Order: Caryophyllales >
            • Stone Plants - Family: Aizoaceae
            • Amaranths and Allies - Family: Amaranthaceae
            • Basellas - Family: Basellaceae
            • Cactuses - Family: Cactaceae
            • Pinks, Chickweeds and Allies - Family: Caryophyllaceae
            • Sundews - Family: Droseraceae
            • Umbrellaworts - Family: Nyctaginaceae
            • Pokeweeds - Family: Phytolaccaceae
            • Knotweeds - Family: Polygonaceae
            • Purslanes - Family: Portulaceae
          • Staff-vines and Allies - Order: Celastrales >
            • Staff-vines - Family: Celastraceae
          • Gourds, Begonias and Allies - Order: Cucurbitales
          • Guinea Flowers and Allies - Order: Dilleniales >
            • Guinea Flowers - Family: Dilleniaceae
          • Heaths, Balsams, Primroses and Allies - Order: Ericales >
            • Balsams and Allies - Family: Balsaminaceae
            • Persimmons and Allies - Family: Ebenaceae
            • Heaths - Family: Ericaceae
            • Primroses - Family: Primulaceae
            • Sapodillas - Family: Sapotaceae
          • Escallonias and Allies - Order: Escalloniales >
            • Escallonias - Family: Escalloniaceae
          • Legumes, Milkworts and Allies - Order: Fabales >
            • Legumes - Family: Fabaceae >
              • Legumes (Part 1) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 2) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 3) - Family: Fabaceae
          • Beeches, Oaks, Walnuts and Allies - Order: Fagales >
            • Birches and Allies - Family: Betulaceae
            • Sheoaks - Family: Casuarinaceae
            • Oaks - Family: Fagaceae
            • Southern Beeches - Family: Nothofagaceae
            • Walnuts - Family: Juglandaceae
          • Gentians, Dogbanes, Madders and Allies - Order: Gentianales >
            • Dogbanes - Family: Apocynaceae
            • Madders - Family: Rubiaceae
          • Geraniums, Cranesbills and Allies - Order: Geraniales >
            • Geraniums and Cranesbills - Family: Geraniaceae
          • Mints, Plantains, Olives and Allies - Order: Lamiales >
            • Acanthuses and Allies - Family: Acanthaceae
            • Bignonias - Family: Bignoniaceae
            • Gesnerias - Family: Gesneriaceae
            • Mints - Family: Lamiaceae
            • Bladderworts - Family: Lentibulariaceae
            • Olives and Allies - Family: Oleaceae
            • Plantains - Family: Plantaginaceae
            • Figworts - Family: Scrophulariaceae
            • Verbenas - Family: Verbenaceae
          • Laurels, Spicebushes and Allies - Order: Laurales >
            • Laurels - Family: Lauraceae
          • Magnolias, Nutmegs and Allies - Order: Magnoliales >
            • Bolwarras - Family: Eupomatiaceae
          • Nances, Willows and Allies - Order: Malpighiales >
            • Spurges - Family: Euphorbiaceae
            • Ochnas - Family: Ochnaceae
            • Passionflowers - Family: Passifloraceae
            • Leaf-flowers - Family: Phyllanthaceae
            • Picrodendrons - Family: Picrodendraceae
            • Ironplums - Family: Putranjivaceae
            • Mangroves - Family: Rhizoporaceae
            • Violets - Family: Violaceae
          • Mallows, Rock-roses and Allies - Order: Malvales >
            • Stringbarks - Family: Thymelaeaceae
            • Mallows, Hibiscuses and Allies - Family: Malvaceae
          • Myrtles, Evening Primroses and Allies - Order: Myrtales >
            • Lythrums and Allies - Family: Lythraceae
            • Melastomes - Family: Melastomataceae
            • Myrtles, Eucalypts, Melaleucas and Allies - Family: Myrtaceae >
              • Waxflowers and Allies - Tribe: Chamelaucieae
              • Gum Trees - Tribe: Eucalypteae
              • Tea Trees and Myrtles - Tribe: Leptospermeae
              • Melaleucas - Tribe: Melaleuceae
              • Waterberries - Tribe: Syzygieae
              • All other Tribes - Subfamily: Myrtoidea
            • Evening Primroses and Allies - Family: Onagraceae
          • Waterlilies, Fanworts and Allies - Order: Nymphaeales >
            • Waterlilies - Family: Nymphaeaceae
          • Woodsorrels, Quandongs and Allies - Order: Oxalidales >
            • Butterspoons - Family: Cunoniaceae
            • Quandongs - Family: Elaecarpaceae
            • Woodsorrels - Family: Oxalidaceae
          • Pepper Plants, Birthworts and Allies - Order: Piperales >
            • Pepper Plants - Family: Piperaceae
          • Proteas, Lotuses, Planes and Allies - Order: Proteales >
            • Proteas and Allies - Family: Proteaceae >
              • Grevilleas, Banksias and Allies - Subfamily: Grevilleoidea >
                • Banksias - Tribe: Banksieae
                • Firebushes and Allies - Tribe: Embothrieae
                • Macadamias and Allies - Tribe: Macadamieae
                • Honeysuckles and Allies - Tribe: Roupaleae
              • Primitive Proteas - Subfamily: Persoonioideae >
                • Geebungs and Allies - Tribe: Persoonieae
              • Singlet Proteas - Subfamily: Proteoideae >
                • Featherbushes and Conesticks - Tribe: Petrophileae
          • Buttercups, Poppies and Allies - Order: Ranunculales >
            • Buttercups - Family: Ranunculaceae
            • Moonseeds - Family: Menispermaceae
            • Poppies and Allies - Family: Papaveraceae
          • Roses, Figs, Elms and Allies - Order: Rosales >
            • Hemps and Allies - Family: Cannabaceae
            • Figs, Mulberries and Allies - Family: Moraceae
            • Buckthorns and Allies - Family: Rhamnaceae
            • Roses, Brambles and Allies - Family: Rosaceae
            • Elms and Allies - Family: Ulmaceae
            • Nettles and Allies - Family: Urticaceae
          • Sandalwoods, Mistletoes and Allies - Order: Santalales >
            • Showy Mistletoes - Family: Loranthaceae
            • Sandalwoods - Family: Santalaceae
          • Soapberries, Mahoganies and Allies - Order: Sapindales >
            • Cashews, Sumacs and Allies - Family: Anacardiaceae
            • Mahoganies and Allies - Family: Meliaceae
            • Rues, Citruses and Allies - Family: Rutaceae
            • Soapberries and Allies - Family: Sapindaceae
            • Quassias, Corkwoods and Allies - Family: Simaroubaceae
          • Saxifrages, Stonecrops and Allies - Order: Saxifragales >
            • Stonecrops and Allies - Family: Crassulaceae
          • Nightshades, Bindweeds and Allies - Order: Solanales >
            • Bindweeds, Ponysfoots and Allies - Family: Convolvulaceae
            • Nightshades, Tobacco and Allies - Family: Solanaceae
          • Grapes and Allies - Order: Vitales >
            • Grapes and Allies - Family: Vitaceae
    • Protozoans - Kingdom: Protozoa >
      • Slime Moulds - Phylum: Mycetozoa >
        • True Slime Moulds - Class: Myxomycetes
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Frogs  and  Toads    -    Order:   Anura
      Frogs are lot more common than what most people realize.   They tend to be heard rather than seen but once one ventures too closely in their direction, even the sound will stop and finding the often well-camouflaged frog can be quite a challenge.   It is necessary to know a bit about the frog's  habits and lifestyle to become good at spotting them.   Once found, many will happily sit still to have their photo taken.
      Frogs are considered to be 'environmental barometers'.  Their presence indicates that their surroundings are still in good nick.  Once the environment deteriorates, so does the number of frogs to the point that they may disappear altogether when things get too bad. Of late, a highly contagious fungal infection called Chytridiomycosis * has decimated frog populations world-wide and many frogs of the 'Northern Rivers' have succumbed as well.

A checklist of the Frogs of the Northern Rivers will soon be available from the 'CHECKLISTS' page under the 'INFO' tab.

Families:
True Toads - Family: Bufonidae
Tree Frogs and Allies - Family: Hylidae

Superfamilies
Australian Ground Frogs Superfamily: Myobatrachoidea

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References  and  links:
      ​Anstis, Marion,   (2013)   Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia,   New Holland Publishers,  Sydney,  N.S.W.
       
Cogger, Harold C.,   (2014)  Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia (7th Edition),   CSIRO publishing,  Collingwood,   Victoria.
       Tyler, Michael J. and Knight, Frank,  (2011)   Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia,   CSIRO Publishing,   Clayton South,   Victoria.

      https://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive-species/publications/factsheet-chytridiomycosis-amphibian-chytrid-fungus-disease
       https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/363/6434/1459.full.pdf

Header  photo:


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  • Home
    • About the Northern Rivers Project website, and, how to use it.
  • Life
    • Easy navigator to the LIFE pages. >
      • Arachnids, Spiders, Harvestmen, Scorpions, Ticks and Mites of the Northern Rivers, Index
      • Birds, Index
      • Butterflies of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Mammals of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
      • Reptiles of the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Index
    • Animals - Kingdom: Animalia >
      • Thorny-headed Worms - Phylum: Acanthocephala
      • Segmented Worms - Phylum: Annelida
      • Arthropods - Phylum: Arthropoda
      • Brachiopods - Phylum Brachiopoda
      • Bryozoans - Phylum: Bryozoa
      • Arrow Worms - Phylum: Chaetognatha
      • Chordates - Phylum: Chordata
      • Cnidarians - Phylum: Cnidaria
      • Cycliophorans - Phylum: Cycliophora
      • Dicyemids - Phylum: Dicyemida
      • Echinoderms - Phylum: Echinodermata
      • Entoprocts - Phylum: Entoprocta
      • Gastrotrichs - Phylum: Gastrotricha
      • Gnathiferans - Phylum: Gnathifera
      • Jaw Worms - Phylum: Gnathostomulida
      • Hemichordates - Phylum: Hemichordata
      • Mud Dragons - Phylum: Kinorhyncha
      • Loriciferans - Phylum: Loricifera
      • Molluscs- Phylum: Mollusca
      • Nematodes - Phylum: Nematoda
      • Horsehair Worms - Phylum: Nematomorpha
      • Ribbon Worms - Phylum: Nemertea
      • Velvet Worms - Phylum: Onychophora >
        • Modern Velvet Worms - Order: Euonychophora >
          • Southern Velvet Worms - Family: Peripatopsidae
      • Orthonectids - Phylum: Orthonectida
      • Horseshoe Worms - Phylum: Phoronida
      • Placozoans - Phylum: Placozoa
      • Flatworms - Phylum: Platyhelminthes >
        • Rhabditophora (Subphylum) >
          • Planarians - Order: Tricladida >
            • Continenticola (Suborder) >
              • Geoplanoidea (Superfamily) >
                • Land Planarians - Family: Geoplanidae
      • Sponges - Phylum: Porifera
      • Priapulid Worms - Phylum: Priapulida
      • Rotifers - Phylum: Rotifera
      • Tardigrades - Phylum: Tardigrada
      • Xenoturbellids - Phylum: Xenacoelomorpha
    • Kelp, Diatoms and Allies - Kingdom: Chromista
    • Fungi and Lichens - Kingdom: Fungi >
      • Basidiomycetes - Phylum: Basidiomycota
      • Zygote Fungi - Phylum: Zygomycota
      • All other Fungi
      • Unidentified Fungi
    • Plants - Kingdom: Plantae >
      • Hornworts - Phylum: Anthocerotophyta
      • Mosses - Phylum: Bryophyta >
        • True Mosses - Class: Bryopsida >
          • Bryales (Order)
          • Rhizogoniales (Order)
      • Charophyte Algae - Phylum: Charophyta
      • Green Algae - Phylum: Chlorophyta
      • Glaucophyte Algae - Phylum: Glaucophyta
      • Liverworts - Phylum: Marchantiophyta
      • Red Algae - Phylum: Rhodophyta
      • Vascular Plants - Phylum: Tracheophyta >
        • Cycads and Zamias - Class: Cycadopsida >
          • Zamias - Family: Zamiaceae
        • Lycophytes - Class: Lycopodiopsida >
          • Clubmosses - Order: Lycopodiales >
            • Clubmosses - Family: Lycopodiaceae
        • Conifers - Class: Pinopsida >
          • Auracarians - Family: Auracariaceae
          • Cypresses and Allies - Family: Cupressaceae
          • Pines and Allies - Family: Pinaceae
          • Yellowwoods and Allies - Family: Podocarpaceae
        • Ferns - Class: Polypodiopsida >
          • Leptosporangiate Ferns - Subclass: Polypodiidae >
            • Tree Ferns - Order: Cyatheales >
              • Scaly Tree Ferns - Family: Cyatheaceae
              • Hairy Tree Ferns - Family: Dicksoniaceae
            • Forked Ferns - Order: Gleicheniales >
              • Forked Ferns - Family: Gleicheniaceae
            • Filmy Ferns - Order: Hymenophyllales >
              • Filmy Ferns - Family: Hymenophyllaceae
            • Polypod Ferns - Order: Polypodiales >
              • Eupolypods ll - Suborder: Aspleniineae >
                • Spleenworts - Family: Aspleniaceae
                • Chain Ferns - Family: Blechnaceae
              • Brackens - Suborder: Dennstaedtiineae >
                • Brackens - Family: Dennstaedtiaceae
              • Eupolypods l - Suborder: Polypodiineae >
                • Sword Ferns - Family: Nephrolepidaceae
                • Polypod Ferns - Family: Polypodiaceae
                • Tectarias - Family: Tectariaceae
              • Brakes - Suborder: Pteridineae >
                • Brakes - Family: Pteridaceae
            • Aquatic Ferns - Order: Salviniales >
              • Water Ferns - Family: Salviniaceae
        • Monocotyledons - Class: Liliopsida >
          • Water Plantains and Allies - Order: Alismatales >
            • Water Plantains - Family: Alismataceae
            • Aroids - Family: Araceae
          • Palms - Order: Arecales >
            • Palms - Family: Arecaceae
          • Agaves, Orchids, Irises and Allies - Order: Asparagales >
            • Amaryllis, Onions and Allies - Family: Amaryllidaceae
            • Agaves, Asparagus and Allies - Family: Asparagaceae
            • Asphodels - Family: Asphodelaceae
            • Irises, Blue Flags and Allies - Family: Iridaceae
            • Orchids - Family: Orchidaceae >
              • Orchids (Part 1.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 2.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 3.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 4.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 5.) - Family: Orchidaceae
              • Orchids (Part 6.) - Family: Orchidaceae
          • Spiderworts and Allies - Order: Commelinales >
            • Spiderworts - Family: Commelinaceae
            • Stream Lilies and Frog-mouths - Family: Phylidraceae
          • Yams, Colicroots and Allies - Order: Dioscoreales >
            • True Yams - Family: Dioscoreaceae
          • Lilies, Supplejacks and Allies - Order: Liliales >
            • Bellworts, Naked Ladies and Allies - Family: Colchicaceae
            • Greenbriers - Family: Smilacaceae
          • Screwpines and Allies - Order: Pandanales >
            • Screwpines - Family: Pandanaceae
          • Grasses and Sedges - Order: Poales >
            • Bromeliads - Family: Bromeliaceae
            • Sedges - Family: Cyperaceae
            • Grasses - Family: Poaceae
            • Restiads - Family: Restionaceae
            • Bulrushes, Cattails and Allies - Family: Typhaceae
          • Canna Lilies and Gingers - Order: Zingiberales >
            • Arrowroots - Family: Marantaceae
            • Gingers - Family: Zingiberaceae
        • Dicotyledons - Class: Magnoliopsida >
          • Carrots, Ivies and Allies - Order: Apiales >
            • Umbellifers - Family: Apiaceae
            • Ivies and Allies - Family: Araliaceae
            • Cheesewoods and Allies - Family: Pittosporaceae
          • Hollies and Allies - Order: Aquifoliales >
            • Cardiopteris - Family: Cardiopteridaceae
          • Sunflowers, Bellflowers, Fanflowers and Allies - Order: Asterales >
            • Korokios and Allies - Family: Argyophyllaceae
            • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies - Family: Asteraceae >
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 1.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 2.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 3.) - Family: Asteraceae
              • Sunflowers, Asters, Daisies and Allies (Part 4.) - Family: Asteraceae
            • Bellflowers, Lobelias and Allies - Family: Campanulaceae
            • Fanflowers, Goodenias and Allies - Family: Goodeniaceae
            • Bogbeans and Allies - Family: Menyanthaceae
          • Borage and Allies - Order: Boraginales >
            • Borage - Family: Boraginaceae
          • Mustards, Capers and Allies - Ordser: Brassicales >
            • Mustards and Allies - Family: Brassicaceae
            • Capers and Allies - Family: Capparaceae
            • Papayas - Family: Caricaceae
          • Canellas, Winter's Bark and Allies - Order: Canellales
          • Pinks, Cactuses and Allies - Order: Caryophyllales >
            • Stone Plants - Family: Aizoaceae
            • Amaranths and Allies - Family: Amaranthaceae
            • Basellas - Family: Basellaceae
            • Cactuses - Family: Cactaceae
            • Pinks, Chickweeds and Allies - Family: Caryophyllaceae
            • Sundews - Family: Droseraceae
            • Umbrellaworts - Family: Nyctaginaceae
            • Pokeweeds - Family: Phytolaccaceae
            • Knotweeds - Family: Polygonaceae
            • Purslanes - Family: Portulaceae
          • Staff-vines and Allies - Order: Celastrales >
            • Staff-vines - Family: Celastraceae
          • Gourds, Begonias and Allies - Order: Cucurbitales
          • Guinea Flowers and Allies - Order: Dilleniales >
            • Guinea Flowers - Family: Dilleniaceae
          • Heaths, Balsams, Primroses and Allies - Order: Ericales >
            • Balsams and Allies - Family: Balsaminaceae
            • Persimmons and Allies - Family: Ebenaceae
            • Heaths - Family: Ericaceae
            • Primroses - Family: Primulaceae
            • Sapodillas - Family: Sapotaceae
          • Escallonias and Allies - Order: Escalloniales >
            • Escallonias - Family: Escalloniaceae
          • Legumes, Milkworts and Allies - Order: Fabales >
            • Legumes - Family: Fabaceae >
              • Legumes (Part 1) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 2) - Family: Fabaceae
              • Legumes (Part 3) - Family: Fabaceae
          • Beeches, Oaks, Walnuts and Allies - Order: Fagales >
            • Birches and Allies - Family: Betulaceae
            • Sheoaks - Family: Casuarinaceae
            • Oaks - Family: Fagaceae
            • Southern Beeches - Family: Nothofagaceae
            • Walnuts - Family: Juglandaceae
          • Gentians, Dogbanes, Madders and Allies - Order: Gentianales >
            • Dogbanes - Family: Apocynaceae
            • Madders - Family: Rubiaceae
          • Geraniums, Cranesbills and Allies - Order: Geraniales >
            • Geraniums and Cranesbills - Family: Geraniaceae
          • Mints, Plantains, Olives and Allies - Order: Lamiales >
            • Acanthuses and Allies - Family: Acanthaceae
            • Bignonias - Family: Bignoniaceae
            • Gesnerias - Family: Gesneriaceae
            • Mints - Family: Lamiaceae
            • Bladderworts - Family: Lentibulariaceae
            • Olives and Allies - Family: Oleaceae
            • Plantains - Family: Plantaginaceae
            • Figworts - Family: Scrophulariaceae
            • Verbenas - Family: Verbenaceae
          • Laurels, Spicebushes and Allies - Order: Laurales >
            • Laurels - Family: Lauraceae
          • Magnolias, Nutmegs and Allies - Order: Magnoliales >
            • Bolwarras - Family: Eupomatiaceae
          • Nances, Willows and Allies - Order: Malpighiales >
            • Spurges - Family: Euphorbiaceae
            • Ochnas - Family: Ochnaceae
            • Passionflowers - Family: Passifloraceae
            • Leaf-flowers - Family: Phyllanthaceae
            • Picrodendrons - Family: Picrodendraceae
            • Ironplums - Family: Putranjivaceae
            • Mangroves - Family: Rhizoporaceae
            • Violets - Family: Violaceae
          • Mallows, Rock-roses and Allies - Order: Malvales >
            • Stringbarks - Family: Thymelaeaceae
            • Mallows, Hibiscuses and Allies - Family: Malvaceae
          • Myrtles, Evening Primroses and Allies - Order: Myrtales >
            • Lythrums and Allies - Family: Lythraceae
            • Melastomes - Family: Melastomataceae
            • Myrtles, Eucalypts, Melaleucas and Allies - Family: Myrtaceae >
              • Waxflowers and Allies - Tribe: Chamelaucieae
              • Gum Trees - Tribe: Eucalypteae
              • Tea Trees and Myrtles - Tribe: Leptospermeae
              • Melaleucas - Tribe: Melaleuceae
              • Waterberries - Tribe: Syzygieae
              • All other Tribes - Subfamily: Myrtoidea
            • Evening Primroses and Allies - Family: Onagraceae
          • Waterlilies, Fanworts and Allies - Order: Nymphaeales >
            • Waterlilies - Family: Nymphaeaceae
          • Woodsorrels, Quandongs and Allies - Order: Oxalidales >
            • Butterspoons - Family: Cunoniaceae
            • Quandongs - Family: Elaecarpaceae
            • Woodsorrels - Family: Oxalidaceae
          • Pepper Plants, Birthworts and Allies - Order: Piperales >
            • Pepper Plants - Family: Piperaceae
          • Proteas, Lotuses, Planes and Allies - Order: Proteales >
            • Proteas and Allies - Family: Proteaceae >
              • Grevilleas, Banksias and Allies - Subfamily: Grevilleoidea >
                • Banksias - Tribe: Banksieae
                • Firebushes and Allies - Tribe: Embothrieae
                • Macadamias and Allies - Tribe: Macadamieae
                • Honeysuckles and Allies - Tribe: Roupaleae
              • Primitive Proteas - Subfamily: Persoonioideae >
                • Geebungs and Allies - Tribe: Persoonieae
              • Singlet Proteas - Subfamily: Proteoideae >
                • Featherbushes and Conesticks - Tribe: Petrophileae
          • Buttercups, Poppies and Allies - Order: Ranunculales >
            • Buttercups - Family: Ranunculaceae
            • Moonseeds - Family: Menispermaceae
            • Poppies and Allies - Family: Papaveraceae
          • Roses, Figs, Elms and Allies - Order: Rosales >
            • Hemps and Allies - Family: Cannabaceae
            • Figs, Mulberries and Allies - Family: Moraceae
            • Buckthorns and Allies - Family: Rhamnaceae
            • Roses, Brambles and Allies - Family: Rosaceae
            • Elms and Allies - Family: Ulmaceae
            • Nettles and Allies - Family: Urticaceae
          • Sandalwoods, Mistletoes and Allies - Order: Santalales >
            • Showy Mistletoes - Family: Loranthaceae
            • Sandalwoods - Family: Santalaceae
          • Soapberries, Mahoganies and Allies - Order: Sapindales >
            • Cashews, Sumacs and Allies - Family: Anacardiaceae
            • Mahoganies and Allies - Family: Meliaceae
            • Rues, Citruses and Allies - Family: Rutaceae
            • Soapberries and Allies - Family: Sapindaceae
            • Quassias, Corkwoods and Allies - Family: Simaroubaceae
          • Saxifrages, Stonecrops and Allies - Order: Saxifragales >
            • Stonecrops and Allies - Family: Crassulaceae
          • Nightshades, Bindweeds and Allies - Order: Solanales >
            • Bindweeds, Ponysfoots and Allies - Family: Convolvulaceae
            • Nightshades, Tobacco and Allies - Family: Solanaceae
          • Grapes and Allies - Order: Vitales >
            • Grapes and Allies - Family: Vitaceae
    • Protozoans - Kingdom: Protozoa >
      • Slime Moulds - Phylum: Mycetozoa >
        • True Slime Moulds - Class: Myxomycetes
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